Sunday, 7 February 2016

The Art of Gothic Review

It was interesting how the three programmes 'The Art of Gothic' explored not only into the obvious aspects of the Gothic genre (like the literature, art and architecture), but into some more of the symbolic resonances that the Gothic leaves on society. 
One element that particularly stood out to me was at the end of the third part where Andrew Graham-Dixon mentioned how our modern society has influences from the Gothic, by even going as far to say that we are using the element of escapism in our modern life through the influence of technology. He speaks of how we are always looking for a way to escape from modern life, and much like previous generations would've sought solace in the Gothic novels, we do so by engrossing ourselves in our phones- which is probably also due to the influence of technology and social media on our modern society. Another way that I think the Gothic is still having influence on our society is through our seeming fascination with the unknown, and the need to be shocked/scared. We are constantly being shown images that shock us as the Internet leaves little to the imagination in terms of horror being a singular thing that we hardly see, so we are continuously looking for different mediums that scare us, the most popular being what we know as 'real' being distorted. This could be seen to tie back to the Penny Dreadfuls, where the horrors of a changing society were brought out to install horror into the lives of the working class and so titles like 'Sweeney Todd' were brought out. In our modern society our versions of Penny Dreadfuls would probably be stories of mental illness affecting an average person which then causes a horrific event, as this is something that we have seen in some news stories across the years it is realistic and thus installing a new sense of fear into our hearts. 

An interesting part of the documentary was showing how historical events did influence the Gothic movement across the years. One such event which was such a big influence on the Gothic genre was the industrial revolution, it was intriguing how such a change can influence a genre like the Gothic. As the landscapes were changing, so were the Gothic novels; they were becoming a reflection of the turmoil that the country was in as their lives were changing. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, science was the enemy and people were scared of what it would do. They saw it as a way to play God and were worried at what would be the consequences of doing so, as is shown in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. It's intriguing that something that we take for granted in modern society was such a terrifying thing, we embrace the influence that science has on our society and yet just a few centuries previous they would've been cautious about the entire subject. 
As the landscape was changing along with the lives of everyone in Britain, the new Gothic novels would feature the plague of the mind and going into the recesses of it. Much like modern society, people would use drugs to escape the modern world and go deep into themselves, escaping the ever changing world. In modern society, recreational drug use is much more common, especially amongst young people, and is typically seen as a way to cope with the pressures of life. However there was a Gothic response to the dangers of using drugs in the form of De Quincey's 'Confessions of an Opium Eater', it being written as a recount of his experiences to put off those who are using. I think in the modern world, although people are told that it is an illegal act they still partake in it so that they can escape the world, which can also be seen as escaping into themselves much like the past generations. 

The Art of Gothic just shows how timeless the Gothic genre is and how it has stretched (and is still stretching) across so many generations of time. In a sense it is a timeless genre, even though we may not know that we are seeing something 'Gothic', if you look back into the origins there is probably and element or tie to the Gothic genre. 

Thursday, 4 February 2016

Early Victorian Hair

- Queen Victoria was on the throne from 1837-190, so when looking at early Victorian hair we examine the period from 1830-1860. 
- The typical style of the hair was; a centre part, with two sections at the front curled, and a bun at the back.
- In 1830, bonnets were very popular so hair was shaped to fit the bonnet, the ringlets were a lot softer and brought down to frame the fame.
- The hair did change, the typical style stayed the same with the sections, however there were different variations that came in. These were; having the front hair smooth and looped under the ears or plaiting the front hair and looping it under the ears.
- Looping the hair under the ear was said to show off the décolletage, which was very fashionable at the time. 
- Around 1840, the bun at the back becomes less prominent and any curls are much softer and dropped. 
- The hair was usually curled towards the face.

The fashion plate (c.1840) shows the bonnets that were very popular in Victorian times, along with how they would've styled their hair to fit around the bonnet. 
(no date) Available at:
http://www.libraryofbirmingham.com/ss/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=image%2Fjpeg&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1318276260881&ssbinary=true (Accessed: 11 February 2016).

Marie, J. (2015) Rêver de la Rosa. Available at: http://lunarosanoire.blogspot.co.uk/2012_11_01_archive.html (Accessed: 4 February 2016).


-For men, their hair usually featured a side parting with curls. Their look was very prim and proper.
- Sometimes they would fit their hair to their hats.
- Mutton chops and moustaches were very popular.
- People spent a lot of money on products and unlike previous eras were very aware of their personal hygiene. 

The photograph and fashion plate (from c.1840) show the trend for Mutton Chops in Victorian times.
Victorian portrait gallery (no date) Available at: http://www.gentlemansemporium.com/1840-victorian-photo-gallery.php
(Accessed: 4 February 2016).
Birmingham, L. of (2011) Male fashion plates 1840-1870. Available at: http://www.libraryofbirmingham.com/malefashionplates1840-1870 (
Accessed: 11 February 2016).

'The Nightmare'

Khan academy (no date) Available at: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-modern/romanticism/romanticism-in-england/a/henry-fuseli-the-nightmare
(Accessed: 4 February 2016).
This painting by Henry Fuseli is one of the most famous paintings of the Romantic era, and does highlight some themes that are prominent in Gothic novels.  It shows an imp-like creature sitting atop of a sleeping woman, whilst the head of a horse pokes through the curtains at the back. The imp-like creature is similar to the Supernatural/Unknown elements that we typically see in Gothic literature- he has the look of a modern troll. He could be interpreted as a version of the devil, come to poach upon the vulnerable damsel in distress, with the horse being his means of transport. When I looked into other people's interpretations of the painting, some suggested that the bottles on the table could contain poison/a sedative so that the girl is at the mercy of the imp. When I first looked at the painting the thing that stood out to me was the horse - the eyes are glazed over white which to me gives the illusion of possession, like the horse has been taken over by the imp and is doing its bidding. Another thing that stood out about the horse was the idea of the horsemen of the apocalypse, and the inclusion of the horse in the photo could be a foreshadowing that something even worse is about to come. 

Initial Face Chart for The Monster


Below is an initial face chart that I created for my interpretation of Frankenstein's monster. I wanted to show the two faces that the Monster has - the one that shows him how he is seen by others and the other for how he is underneath all of that. 
I thought that it would be interesting to have a scar branching down the face at the divide between the  two different faces, however I am unsure as to how would be the best way to do this that would stand out well and be easy to replicate. I think that I will need to ask Sue, Helen and Kat on their opinion as to how they think I should do it. If the scar isn't an option, I think that would be interesting to have the two faces blended together along the line to show that they are the same person rather than a Jekyll and Hyde equivalent. As it would be interesting to have some element of special effects, I could incorporate some scars onto the face, with one on each side in a symmetry that shows they are the same person.

Wednesday, 3 February 2016

Early Victorian Hair interpretation

We had to look at early Victorian hairstyles, to see what we could use as an inspiration for our interpretation of a Victorian Hairstyle. I chose the hair that features the two plaits looping underneath the ears, as shown in the two images below.

1840’s hairstyle (2015) Available at: https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/126804545734633406/ (
Accessed: 3 February 2016).
Hair (2014) Available at: https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/334181234824060206/
(Accessed: 3 February 2016).
Tools
- Pintail comb
-Sectioning clips
- Bobby Pins
- Hair Pins
- Hair ties

Technique
- Create a center parting in the hair, using the front of the pintail comb as a pencil to draw the line.
- Comb the hair to either direction.
- Section off two pieces of hair on either side, starting from the crown and finishing just behind/just to the ears. Clip these out of the way.
- Bring the rest of the hair into a low/mid bun.
- Plait the two front sections, beginning just under the ear so there is a smooth top, loop under the ear and pin into place. 

OTHER ALTERNATIVES:
- Smooth Loop: loop the section under the ear, don't twist the hair, just pin into place.
- Curled front: Curl the front section of the hair, keep the tongs vertical so that the curls look like sausages. Curl towards the face and leave to frame the face.

My interpretation
 I did find it very difficult to get the bun correct without any flyaway hairs as Megan's hair is so short. This was a continuous problem that I had when doing the style, so the final style does look rather unfinished and messy, in the Victorian era they would've had very long hair that would make it easy to do this style. Pinning the hair into place was a problem as I needed to bobby pin the plaits into place, however as it is so short the pinning is very messy so that they would stay in place easily, furthermore the brown pins show up against the blonde in Megan's hair. I think possibly the curled style would be easier to do for the length that Megan's hair is. 
Megan and I had the same problem when executing this hairstyle on each other as we both have fringes which didn't want to co-operate with staying in the place we had sectioned them into. Helen had to help with this, so she recommended bobby pinning the fringe back on the lower layers and then hide it with the rest of the fringe. 
When Helen came around to check on the style, she did like my sectioning, however she said that I didn't go far enough forward with the two front pieces. This then made it more difficult to loop the hair underneath the ears, so I will remember this for the next time. 






History of Gothic - Notes from David Punter's lecture

Key Motifs in the Gothic
- Strange Places: The Arctic in 'Frankenstein' is an example of this. It is unknown, which is what makes it intriguing for Walton to explore. 
- Clashing Time Periods
- Power and Constraints: Especially women and their status in comparison to men. They are shown as vulnerable, naive and in need of saving (of course by a man).
- Sexual Power: Usually obscene men drawn to vulnerable women. Sometimes features incest, violence, abduction. The woman is always submissive to the man. 
- The Uncanny: Something that is new but is drawn back to something we already know. e.g dolls and waxworks. 
- The Sublime: Elements of nature being overwhelming or terrifying.
- Crisis: The Gothic tries to master crisis that are happening in the real world.
- The Supernatural and Real: There are two types of the Gothic, 1 uses the Supernatural and 1 uses natural elements to describe events that happen.
- Terror and Wonder

'The Castle of Otranto' by Horace Walpole was considered the first 'Gothic' novel, with its first publication being in 1794, and it was the inspiration for the succeeding novels in the genre. Even though to modern culture the Gothic is something we are used to and even admire, at the time in which it was written Gothic horror novels were considered 'trashy'. Thus the authors tended to publish them under pseudonyms so that they wouldn't be associated with trashy literature. 
In comparison to modern Horror stories (especially in films) where the twisted normalcy seems to be the typical plot (mental illness/hospitals/asylums), early Gothic fiction was typically set in Castles/Monasteries/Convents (representing religion/Catholicism). Inside them is always a labyrinth where there is no prospect of escaping, which plays upon the idea of claustrophobia and imprisonment. Furthermore David Punter said that they are symbolic of our fear to be locked inside ourselves and explore the deepest depths of our minds. 
Landscapes took the place of castles in the Gothic novel, which is where the idea of the sublime came from. It is all about the power of nature, and the monstrosity that it is if you get too close. It's better to look at it from a distance, where you can admire the beauty of the monstrosity- especially in 'Frankenstein' when the titular character comes into contact with the towering mountains. 
'The Mysteries of Udolpho' by Ann Radcliffe was deemed too dangerous for young girls due to its content, and Jane Austen's 'Northanger Abbey' highlights that dangers of reading too much into Gothic fiction. Her characterisation of Catherine Morland, especially her thought processes, how she ties everything to the Gothic novels that she has read, and the consequences of doing so, just highlights that there are more important things in the world.

The context in which the Gothic novels were written influences the events in the book. The French Revolution, where the monarchy was overthrown and the King was executed. This public display of gore and terror, inspired the writing of 'The Monk' by Matthew Gregory Lewis. It was a very shocking novel, showing scandal at the heart of religion (something that everyone had faith in), and ending with the Devil taking away the main character. Although in modern culture this wouldn't be as shocking as when it was written, due to there being shocking images/stories in the news or on social media everyday, so it is more accessible than when the novel was written. 
The Industrial Revolution caused a crisis of identity for Britain, as the landscape was being changed from very green to very urban. Science and terror was a big terror for the people and the  moral consequences of using science. This inspired 'Frankenstein' by Mary Shelley, where she used science as the terror in the novel- especially showing the result of overly abusing science as Frankenstein does in the novel. The Industrial Revolution caused people to flock to cities, where they became overpopulated, especially London, this led to poverty, violence and crime. Charles Dickens used London as the backdrop to his novels, where the fog and darkness created a good setting for a Gothic novel. Penny Dreadfuls were also brought in, bringing the terror to the working class, an example would be; Sweeney Todd, where the scenario could happen in real life. 

Scars and Wounds

Products used:
- Moulding wax, Cine Wax (colourless)
- Latex 
- Supra Colour
- Fake Blood (Kensington Gore- DO NOT GO TO A JOKE SHOP)
- Barrier Foam
- Collodian for creating scars
- Tuplast to create old scars
- Wound Filler: it's slightly fibrous which gives the wound depth
- Pus : you can mix it with blood
- Isopropyl  Alcohol
- SupraColour palette
- Vaseline (good for adding shine to black eyes)
- Acetone
- Foundation palette

Tools:
- Sculpting tools
- Black stippling sponge : it's coarse and good for breaking up the colour
- Paint brushes
- Hairdryer
- Hairpins

HEALTH AND SAFETY:
- If your client is allergic to latex, you can use sealer instead to put on top of the wax
- When using Collodian, put a protector on underneath
- If you mix Supracolour with Isopropyl Alcohol DO NOT use near the eye 
- Always test the heat from a hairdryer on yourself before using it on the model

Other Tips:
- If you get a wound/bruise, photograph it and document the progress. The colour and shape will be different at different stages of its life. 
- Think about the context of the wound
- Think about every bit of the skin
- Only add liquids when the model is in situe
- You can add blood to clothing, but always check
- Can use a hairdryer to set, must be cool as wax will melt if its hot

Step-by-step:
- Take a bit of wax onto the back of the hand, it needs to be warmed up before it is put onto the skin. The consistency needs to be similar to butter.
- Make sure there is no grease in the area or the wax won't stay in place as well.
- You don't want any hard edges, if there is a lot of excess product and it starts to pick up then just wipe off the excess from the tool. 
- To create a deeper cut, roll up the wax and blend out the edges.
- To blend out the edges, use a tiny bit of moisturiser on top of the wax and it will blend out. 
- Cut into the wax to create the wound/gash.
- Apply a thin layer of latex over the top of the wax, bringing it slightly over the edges to seal it. 
- Dry with a cool hairdryer until clear
ADDING COLOUR
- Mix the colour you want to use with the Isopropyl alcohol, it doesn't harm the makeup just reduces it down so it is easier to apply. 
- Start stippling the colour on to get rid of the white from the wax, use your fingers to help blend.
- SupraColour palette red is good to create the look of inflamed/irritated skin. It's a good base for a bloody wound. 
- You can flick colour onto the skin using a paintbrush, it gives a good look of blood splatter. 
- Use a hairpin dipped in blood to create scratches, the wiggly ones are especially good for this!
- Using a hairpin again to add wound filler into the cut to add depth, and then add blood. 

EXTRA:
- Use a black stippling sponge with the fake blood. If you swipe it across the knuckles it gives a good illusion of a scrape on the skin. 

COLLODIAN:
- You can double dip with this product as it is so clean!
- When using on the face use a barrier foam.
- Apply to the skin, and squeeze it together to make it look raised.
- Don't powder, you'll use the shine that it gives the skin.

TUPLAST:
-Squeeze out the first drop to get rid of any excess.
- Apply onto the skin and pick with a pin.

TO REMOVE:
- When removing wax/latex, scrape off and out of the bowls and put into the bin. DO NOT PUT WAX/LATEX DOWN THE SINK.
- Collodian, use Spirit Gum
- Everything else, water is fine to remove. 


My Work

CUTS
As we didn't have enough time during the original lesson on scars and wounds I did mine during the catch up session. I'm really happy with how it looks, although it is quite theatrical in look I like how it has a 3D effect to it given by the shine and the raised wax.  I think because the palette knife I was using had quite a straight edge to it I was able to get the edges of the wax blended out quite smoothly. However once I coloured it the edges did become more prominent, so I think I needed to go back in with some moisturiser to blend out the edges slightly more. Furthermore I think that because I didn't water down some of the colour that I was using with IPA it did come out more opaque and more theatrical as a result. 


SCRATCHES AND GRAZES

I found doing the Scratches and Grazes really easy to do but I think that they look incredibly effective on the skin. I really like how in the picture of the scratches it goes from thicker to very thin as the product ran out on the hair pin, I think that it looks more authentic - depending on the type of scratch it is.
I think for the Graze I could've added more of the product to her knuckles so that it looks more authentic rather than just brushing fake blood across. I think I should've stuck with one direction to make the graze look more realistic.


SCARS

I tested both Tuplast and Collodion on the arm next to each other to see the difference. However they don't show up very well on camera. In person the Tuplast looked so much better than the Collodion, it definitely stood out more on the skin, but the Collodion did still give a nice effect making the skin look tighter.